Polio
Abortive and subclinical poliomyelitis in a family during the 1992 epidemic in The Netherlands.
“We describe a case of abortive poliomyelitis due to poliovirus type 3 (PV3) in an unvaccinated woman and a subclinical poliovirus infection in her family during an epidemic in the Netherlands. The woman excreted the epidemic strain (PV3) for 7 weeks. Her two children received oral attenuated poliovirus vaccine and were subsequently found to excrete PV1 and PV2 vaccine strains in addition to the epidemic PV3 strain. Her husband, who had neutralizing antibodies to all three poliovirus types because of previous vaccination, initially excreted no virus; subsequently, however, the vaccine strain PV1 and the epidemic strain PV3 could be cultured from his feces.”
#Recently #Vaccinated #Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7742455/
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with oral polio vaccine.
“A 27-year-old woman presented with acute paresis after taking an oral polio vaccine (OPV). Deep tendon reflexes were preserved, needle electromyography showed no neurogenic changes, and there were no lesions on spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), suggesting that motor neurons of the spinal cord were not affected. Brain MRI showed abnormal lesions in the tegmentum of the upper pons, left cerebral peduncles, truncus of the corpus callosum, and right parietal lobe. Cerebrospinal fluid revealed mild pleocytosis. The most probable diagnosis was acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with OPV.”
#ADEM #Polio #Neurological #Encephalomyelitis #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/17106158/
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Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance indicators in the Democratic Republic of Congo during 2008-2014.
“Of the 13,749 AFP cases investigated, 58.9% received at least three doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV), 7.3% never received OPV, while the status of 18.3% was unknown.”
#Polio #Paralysis #Neurological
#Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27642491
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[Acute maternal anterior poliomyelitis in a non-endemic zone].
“The authors report the case of a 26 year old woman with acute anterior poliomyelitis contracted during the vaccination of her baby. Despite having been herself vaccinated in infancy she was not protected against the poliovirus. The clinical interest of this uncommon case is a severe paralytic state with definitive paraplegia.”
#Recently #Vaccinated #Shedding
#Polio #Paralysis #Neurological #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2561040/
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🛑 Adventitious agents in viral vaccines: Lessons learned from 4 case studiesÂ
“The four cases are: a)Â SV40Â in polio vaccines; b) bacteriophage in measles and polio vaccines; c) reverse transcriptase in measles and mumps vaccines; and d) porcine circovirus and porcine circovirus DNA sequences in rotavirus vaccines.”
#Contamination #SV40 #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
#Rotavirus #Measles #MMR
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045105614000748
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🛑 Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines other than pertussis and rubella. Summary of a report from the Institute of Medicine.Â
“The committee found that the evidence favored acceptance of a causal relation between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and Guillain-Barré syndrome and brachial neuritis, between measles vaccine and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome, and between unconjugated Hib vaccine and susceptibility to Hib disease. The committee found that the evidence established causality between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and anaphylaxis, between measles vaccine and death from measles vaccine-strain viral infection, between measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and poliomyelitis and death from polio vaccine-strain viral infection, and between hepatitis B vaccine and anaphylaxis.”
#Death #Guillain #Barre #Polio #Anaphylaxis #Hib #Failure #Tetanus #MMR #Measles #Polio #Hepatitis B #Thrombocytopenia
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8182813/
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The African polio vaccine-acquired immune deficiency syndrome connection.
“Seroepidemiological, clinical and molecular findings suggest that the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus human immunodeficiency virus-1 was introduced into the human species at the time (late 1950s) and in the geographic area (Zaire) in which millions of Africans were vaccinated with attenuated poliomyelitis virus strains that were produced in kidney tissue obtained from monkeys. Since monkeys not only harbor viruses that are remarkably similar to and genetically related to human immunodeficiency virus-1, but also served as tissue donors for the African polio vaccine, it is reasonable to suspect that a then non-detectable monkey virus with human-1-like properties was unknowingly co-cultured with the attenuated poliovirus virus and subsequently administered to the vaccinees. The possibility of such a polio vaccine-acquired immune deficiency syndrome connection is a reminder of the unpredictable danger of artifically crossing natural species-barriers in biomedical laboratories.”
#HIV #Polio #Contamination
#AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9185120/
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‘An American tragedy’. the Cutter incident and its implications for the Salk polio vaccine in New Zealand 1955-1960.
“During the United States polio immunisation campaign in 1955 a number of children immunised with Cutter Laboratories vaccine were stricken with the disease, halting the programme.”
#Cutter #Polio #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20481116/
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Application of PCR for detection of mycoplasma DNA and pestivirus RNA in human live viral vaccines.
“Although mycoplasma DNA was not detected in any of the vaccines tested, pestivirus RNA was detected in 12 lots (28%).”
#Contamination #MMR #Polio #Pestivirus #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9088554
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🛑 Assessment of iatrogenic transmission of HCV in Southern Italy: was the cause the Salk polio vaccination?Â
“Since the first studies on hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence were published, it has been evident that southern Italy is an area of hyperendemicity. A recent study conducted in southern Italy suggested that the high prevalence of HCV infection might be the result of past iatrogenic transmission. Polio vaccination with the parenteral Salk vaccine between 1956 and 1965 by multiple use of unsafe glass syringes may have been one of the major causes of the spread of HCV infection among southern Italian adults who are now older than 40 years of age. Persons born between the 1940s and early 1960s have a nearly 3-fold increased risk of HCV seropositivity than the younger age group. The findings are consistent with a cohort effect of exposure to the Salk parenteral vaccination.”
#Contamination #Polio #Hepatitis #Vaccine #Error #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12629643
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🛑 Association between SV40 and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
“Millions of people worldwide were inadvertently exposed to live simian virus 40 (SV40) between 1955 and 1963 through immunization with SV40-contaminated polio vaccines. Although the prevalence of SV40 infections in humans is not known, numerous studies suggest that SV40 is a pathogen resident in the human population today. SV40 is a potent DNA tumor virus that is known to induce primary brain cancers, bone cancers, mesotheliomas, and lymphomas in laboratory animals.”
#Cancer #Contamination #Polio #Leukemia #SV40 #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15202523/
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Bridging the gap: human diploid cell strains and the origin of AIDS.
“Although the theory of a chimpanzee origin of HIV-1 with cross-species transfer to man has now gained popularity, a more likely scenario is that chimps and humans were infected by an HIV-1 precursor virus derived from a contaminated poliovaccine. The reason for the rapidity and ease of cross-species transfer of this precursor virus has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that the poliovaccine was passaged in a human diploid cell strain.”
#HIV #AIDS #Polio #Contamination
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10833351/
Full article here -
http://www.bmartin.cc/dissent/documents/AIDS/Goldberg.pdf
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Cancer risk associated with simian virus 40 contaminated polio vaccine.
#Polio #Contamination #SV40 #Cancer #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10472327/
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Characteristics of poliovirus strains from long-term excretors with primary immunodeficiencies.
“Individuals who are deficient in humoral immunity are particularly at risk from infection with enteroviruses, and poliovirus in particular, where antibodies are the main source of protection from disease. Long-term excretion of vaccine strains of poliovirus has been documented for many years and instances of paralytic poliomyelitis in hypogammaglobulinaemic patients who were subsequently found to have been excreting virus for prolonged periods have been reported in the U.S.A., Germany and Japan. The identification of a healthy immunodeficient patient in the U.K. who has probably been excreting type 2 poliovirus for 15 years will be described, with the characteristics of the virus and the results of attempts at treatment so far. Such individuals pose a significant risk to the eradication programme unless they can be identified and treated.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Paralysis #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11763340
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Chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child.
“We investigated an immunodeficient child in whom chronic progressive poliomyelitis developed after she had received live oral poliovirus vaccine. Poliovirus, Type II, was isolated from throat and stool during life and from several sites within the brain at autopsy.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Shedding #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/195206
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Don’t ignore the risk of vaccine contamination
“Sir, Your News and Opinion articles about alleged contamination of vaccines should serve as a warning against over-optimism.
These articles highlight the failure to show any evidence for contamination of Wistar Institute polio vaccine stocks by human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIV), and you appeal for a truce. But — although Edward Hooper is quoted as saying that “vaccine samples released did not include any from batches prepared for use in Africa” — lymphocytes have been detected in other polio vaccines. Half of the vervet monkeys in Southern Africa are SIV positive; these animals were used for preparing early polio vaccines.
Considering the many millions of vaccine doses prepared in primary vervet monkey kidney cultures over a 30-year period, it is inconceivable that some SIV did not contaminate many cultures. By the same yardstick, simian virus 40 (SV40) contaminated millions of doses of poliovirus vaccine until the animals were screened for this tumour virus.
Edward Hooper and others surely do not intend to undermine the polio vaccine efforts. What is needed is a new awareness of the need for caution — remembering the example of BSE — in view of the current impetus towards xenotransplantation and the accompanying danger of contamination. Our aim should be to improve our vaccines, not to undermine public confidence in them.”
#HIV #Polio #Contamination
#AIDS #SV40 #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v408/n6808/full/408018b0.html
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Effect of prior immunity on the shedding of virulent revertant virus in feces after oral immunization with live attenuated poliovirus vaccines.
“Groups of infants were immunized with one or two doses of orally inoculated live attenuated Sabin poliovirus vaccine (OPV group) or with one or two doses of enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (EIPV) administered parenterally followed by one or two doses of OPV (EIPV-OPV group). The fecal specimens from both groups were tested for poliovirus shedding 1-2 months after OPV. The virus isolates were examined for nucleic acid sequences in the 5′ noncoding regions (bases 480, 481, and 472 for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively) to determine whether the viruses shed represented nonattenuated revertants, attenuated parent vaccine strains (nonrevertants), or both. In the OPV group, 4 of the 6 virus isolates recovered 30-60 days after the first immunization dose and 1 of the 3 isolates obtained after the second dose were found to be nonrevertants (parent vaccine strain). In contrast, 11 of the 12 isolates in the EIPV-OPV group were of the nonvaccine revertant virus types. The frequency for reversion appeared to differ for different poliovirus serotypes. However, all revertant type 3 isolates were recovered from subjects previously immunized with EIPV.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/1647422/
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🛑 Estimating the extent of vaccine-derived poliovirus infection.
“Eight outbreaks of paralytic polio attributable to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) have highlighted the risks associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) use in areas of low vaccination coverage and poor hygiene.”
“Although only 114 virologically-confirmed paralytic cases were identified in the eight cVDPV outbreaks, it is likely that a minimum of hundreds of thousands, and more likely several million individuals were infected during these events, and that many thousands more have been infected by VDPV lineages within outbreaks which have escaped detection.”
#Shedding #Vaccine #Failure #Polio #Acute #Flaccid #Paralysis #Neurological #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18958288/
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Estimating the risk of re-emergence after stopping polio vaccination.
“As vaccinated hosts are natural reservoirs for virulent poliovirus, the source of the risk is the vaccination itself, employed to prevent the outbreaks.”
“Our estimates for transmission, recovery, and mutation rates, show that the probability of an outbreak of vaccine-derived virulent viruses easily exceeds 90%. Moreover, if a small fraction of hosts have a longer infectious period, as observed in individuals with innate immunodeficiency, the risk of an outbreak rises significantly.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22783231/
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Estimation of polio infection prevalence from environmental surveillance data. 2017
“By measuring virus shed into sewage waste in cities in which a known number of people received a live polio vaccine, the authors created tools that can be used to monitor polio incidence in other cities. Thus, virus levels in sewage waste can give an early warning of the reappearance of viral disease or verify its absence.”
“Data from the intersecting population between the two data sets (covering more than 63,000 people) yielded a dose-dependent relationship between the number of poliovirus shedders and the amount of poliovirus in sewage.
Copyright © 2017, American Association for the Advancement of Science.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28356510/
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🛑 Experimental oral polio vaccines and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) of the common chimpanzee is widely acknowledged as the direct ancestor of HIV-1. There is increasing historical evidence that during the late 1950s, kidneys were routinely excised from central African chimpanzees by scientists who were collaborating with the polio vaccine research of Dr Hilary Koprowski, and sent - inter alia - to vaccine-making laboratories in the USA and Africa, and to unspecified destinations in Belgium. While there is no direct evidence that cells from these kidneys were used as a substrate for growing Dr Koprowski’s oral polio vaccines, there is a startling coincidence between places in Africa where his CHAT vaccine was fed, and the first appearances in the world of HIV-1 group M and group-M-related AIDS. Because of the enormous implications of the hypothesis that AIDS may be an unintended iatrogenic (physician-caused) disease, it is almost inevitable that this theory will engender heated opposition from many of those in the scientific establishment, and those with vested interests.
#HIV #Polio #Contamination
#AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11405924/
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Experimental scoliosis in primates: a neurological cause.
“A series of monkeys is presented where scoliosis developed incidentally during the routine virulence testing of live, attenuated, oral poliomyelitis vaccines by intraspinal injection.”
#Scoliosis #Vaccine #Neurological #Polio #Musculoskeletal
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/6284765/
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Extensive myelitis after oral polio vaccination: MRI features.
#Myelitis #Polio #Ataxia #Neurological #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25786294
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Fetal damage after accidental polio vaccination of an immune mother.
“Irreparable damage to the anterior horn cells of the cervical and thoracic cord was found in a 20-week-old fetus whose mother was immune to poliomyelitis before conceiving but who was inadvertently given oral polio vaccine at 18 weeks gestation. Polio neutralizing antibody titres in sera, taken before and after pregnancy, were identical and were at levels normally regarded as providing protection. Unsuccessful attempts were made to isolate poliovirus from extracts of fetal brain, lung, liver and placenta. Fluorescent antibody tests were performed on various levels of the central nervous system and on the left and right extensor forearm muscles. Specific positive fluorescence to poliovirus 2 and 3 antigens was detected at dorsal spinal cord level only. One positive result was seen with Coxsackie A9 antiserum and fresh guinea-pig complement in the inflammatory cells in the right extensor forearm muscles.This experience, as yet unexplained, underlines the importance of ensuring that women are not pregnant prior to oral polio vaccination.”
#Error #Pregnancy #Polio #Neurological #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/6747944/
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🛑 Fetal tissue research: an ongoing story of professionally responsible success.Â
“Research using fetal tissue has allowed for development of vaccines for numerous diseases including polio, rubella, and measles.”
“These scientific and medical advances are dependent on the use of fetal tissue from aborted fetuses. While the practice of induced abortion despite societal benefit may be theologically objectionable to some, these practices are professionally responsible. Federal regulations exist to discourage patients from being influenced by the societal benefit of fetal research in arriving at the decision to terminate as well as to prevent researchers from influencing a patient’s decision.”
#Polio #MMR #Aborted #Fetal #Tissue #Death #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26432465
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s (FDR’s) (1882-1945) 1921 neurological disease revisited; the most likely diagnosis remains Guillain-Barré syndrome.
#Guillain #Barre #Polio #FDRÂ #MedScienceResearch #Vaccine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26508622/
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Gastrointestinal immunopathology and food allergy.
“In contrast to the beneficial expressions of gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, which are seen with relevance to newer methods of delivery of vaccines directly applied to the gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces (eg, oral poliovirus, rotavirus, Salmonella typhi vaccines), the adverse consequences of a mucosal immune response gone astray are evidenced in many diseases such as FA. A classification of clinical disorders associated with FA based on classic mechanisms of immunologic injury is presented, which includes the following: (1) IgE-mediated, (2) non-IgE-mediated, and (3) mixed IgE- and non-IgE-mediated disorders. Our study of immunologic disturbance in patients with non-IgE FA revealed a pattern of increased CD4+ and decreased TH1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in contrast to patients with celiac disease, where a pattern of increased CD8+ and TH1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and increased CD8+ cell counts was seen.”
#Food #Allergies #Gastrointestinal #Polio #Rotavirus #Immune #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15562871/
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Guillain-Barre syndrome occurring after rabies vaccination.
“A variety of events are associated with the onset of Guillain-Barre syndrome, including vaccinations and vaccines. These are the swine influenza vaccine, oral poliovirus vaccine and rabies vaccine. Rabies is a uniformly fatal disease. It is preventable if World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for post exposure treatment (PET) are followed. These include local treatment of wound, passive immunization with rabies immunoglobulins and administration of a efficacious vaccine. Cell culture vaccines are highly immunogenic with fewer side effects, but are costly. For that reason neurotissue vaccines are still widely used in Pakistan, although they are less immunogenic with higher incidence of neuroparalytic complications. We report a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome secondary to sheep brain anti-rabies vaccine in a young boy, who presented with lower limb weakness with total recovery after treatment.”
#Guillain #Barre #Rabies #Neurological #Influenza #Flu #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=601
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High diversity of poliovirus strains isolated from the central nervous system from patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.
#Polio #Neurological
#Vaccine #Failure
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7966599/
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Human and animal vaccine contaminations.
“However, since vaccine preparation involves the use of materials of biological origin, vaccines are subject to contamination by micro-organisms. In fact, vaccine contamination has occurred; a historical example of vaccine contamination, for example, can be found in the early days of development of the smallpox vaccine. The introduction of new techniques of vaccine virus production on cell cultures has lead to safer vaccines, but has not completely removed the risk of virus contamination. There are several examples of vaccine contamination, for example, contamination of human vaccines against poliomyelitis by SV40 virus from the use of monkey primary renal cells. Several veterinary vaccines have been contaminated by pestiviruses from foetal calf serum. These incidents have lead industry to change certain practices and regulatory authorities to develop more stringent and detailed requirements. But the increasing number of target species for vaccines, the diversity of the origin of biological materials and the extremely high number of known and unknown viruses and their constant evolution represent a challenge to vaccine producers and regulatory authorities.”
#Contamination #Smallpox #SV40 #Polio #Pestivirus
#Veterinary #Animals #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20456974/
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🛑 Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode in a 7-month-old infant after receipt of multiple vaccinations.
“A 7-month-old boy became difficult to arouse, was limp and had blue extremities 8 hours after immunization with intravenous poliovirus, diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b-hepatitis B virus and pneumococcal vaccines. The hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode had resolved by the time the infant was seen in an emergency department 1 hour later. The report describes hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode, encourages reporting of vaccine-associated adverse events and discusses prognosis and implications for subsequent immunization.”
#Hypotonic #Hyporesponsive #HHE #Polio #DTaP #Hib #Hepatitis B #Pneumococcal
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16282941/
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🛑 Imported Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis — United States, 2005
“This report describes the first known occurrence of imported VAPP in an unvaccinated U.S. adult who traveled abroad, where she likely was exposed through contact with an infant recently vaccinated with OPV.”
“Upon admission to a hospital in Phoenix, the patient had bilateral areflexic lower extremity weakness and respiratory failure requiring intubation.”
“The host family’s son and daughter-in-law lived next door with two children, aged 2 months and 3 years, who visited the host family frequently. The infant received his first dose of OPV on January 19, 2005, 4 days after the woman arrived to live with the host family.”
#Recently #Vaccinated #Shedding
#Polio #Paralysis
#Neurological #Respiratory
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5504a2.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16456525/
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Inactivated poliovirus vaccine given alone or in a sequential schedule with bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in Chilean infants: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 4, non-inferiority study.
“IPV-bOPV schedules resulted in almost a 0·3 log reduction of type 2 faecal shedding compared with the IPV-only schedule.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26318714/
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Interference of Vaccine Derived Polio Viruses with Diagnosis of Enteroviral Diseases in Neonatal Period.
“OPV vaccinated neonates commonly pass the vaccine virus in their pharynx and stool which can be mistaken with NPEV.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28050469
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Intrafamilial transmission of a Sabin 1-related poliovirus in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.
#Recently #Vaccinated #Shedding #Polio #Neurological #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
http://www0.nih.go.jp/JJID/59/277.pdf
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Isolation of recombinant type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) from a Nigerian child.
“A type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), differing from Sabin 2 at 2.5% (22/903) of VP1 nucleotide (nt) positions, was isolated from an incompletely immunized 21-month-old Nigerian child who developed acute flaccid paralysis in 2002.”
“The date of the initiating OPV dose, calculated from the number of synonymous substitutions in the capsid region, was estimated to be approximately 16 to 18 months before onset of paralysis, a finding inconsistent with the most recent mass OPV campaign (conducted 12 days before onset of paralysis) as being the source of infection.”
#Vaccinated #Shedding #Polio #Acute #Flaccid #Paralysis #Neurological #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/17449127/
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Kinetics of poliovirus shedding following oral vaccination as measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR versus culture.
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25378579/
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A large vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak on Madura Island-Indonesia, 2005.
“Between June and October 2005, 45 laboratory-confirmed type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) cases were identified on Madura Island in Indonesia. Genetic sequencing data on VDPV isolates were consistent with replication and circulation for up to approximately 2 years. Concurrent circulation with type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV) enabled comparisons of VDPV and WPV cases and found that clinical and epidemiological features of both were similar. Attack rates for VDPV were as high as those for WPV. Of 41 VDPV case patients with known vaccination status, 25 (61%) had received zero oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18199031/
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🛑 LESSONS FROM THE SALK POLIO VACCINE: METHODS FOR AND RISKS OF RAPID TRANSLATION
“Regretfully, the story of polio vaccine was not without tragedy. In April 1955, soon after mass polio vaccination began in the United States, reports trickled in to the Surgeon General concerning atypical cases of paralytic polio. Several paralytic polio cases were reported in California in patients who had received the polio vaccine about a week earlier but the paralysis only affected the arm or leg in which they received the injection. Each of these cases occurred in polio vaccine produced by Cutter pharmaceutical company. The Surgeon General immediately pulled all Cutter polio vaccine, but it was too late; nearly 400,000 children had been inoculated with Cutter polio vaccine and 250 cases of atypical paralytic polio occurred. There were also reports of the Wyeth pharmaceutical company polio vaccine causing paralysis and death in several children in the northeastern United States.
It was soon discovered that some lots of Cutter and Wyeth polio vaccine were insufficiently inactivated with formalin leading to live polio virus in more than 100,000 doses. In fact, 16 lots of Cutter polio vaccine were retested and the first 6 lots produced were positive for live polio virus. These incidents demonstrated the lack of oversight and safeguards put into place before the vaccine was made so widely available.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure
#Cutter #Paralysis
#Incomplete #Inactivation
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928990/
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Live oral poliovirus vaccines and simian cytomegalovirus.
“Live oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) are often produced in primary Cercopithecus monkey kidney (CMK) cells. The kidneys of these monkeys are often latently infected with simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV), and CMK cultures are frequently contaminated with SCMV. We tested human, monkey and rabbit tissue culture systems, and found that MRC-5 cells are most sensitive for detection of SCMV. To address the question of whether OPV could be contaminated with infectious SCMV, we inoculated MRC-5 cells with neutralized OPV manufactured in the United States between 1972 and 1998. Infectious SCMV was not found in any of the vaccine lots tested. We also used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to search for SCMV DNA in live oral poliovirus vaccines; SCMV DNA sequences were found in several of the vaccine lots manufactured prior to 1992.”
#Contamination #Polio #Simian #Cytomegalovirus #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12217341/
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Long-term excretion of vaccine-derived poliovirus by a healthy child.
“A child was found to be excreting type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) with a 1.1% sequence drift from Sabin type 1 vaccine strain in the VP1 coding region 6 months after he was immunized with oral live polio vaccine.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15564492/
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Mechanism of Injury-Provoked Poliomyelitis
#Polio #Paralysis #Vaccine #Failure #Neurological #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC110068/
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MRI findings in an infant with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.
“We report a Brazilian infant who developed VAPP 40 days after receiving the first dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV). MR images of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord showed lesions involving the anterior horn cell, with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. We would like to emphasize the importance of considering VAPP as a differential diagnosis in patients with acute flaccid paralysis and an MRI showing involvement of medulla oblongata or spinal cord, particularly in countries where OPV is extensively administered.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Paralysis #Neurological #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20440488/
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The muscle findings in a pediatric patient with live attenuated oral polio vaccine-related flaccid monoplegia.
#Polio #Vaccine #Paralysis #Neurological #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25131733/
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Neonatal paralytic poliomyelitis. A case report.
“We report a child who became symptomatic with apnea at 18 days of age and who subsequently developed a permanent monoparesis. Serologic and cultural evidence indicated the virus as poliovirus vaccine type. Another infant who received live oral poliovirus vaccine was probably the source of the infecting virus.”
#Shedding #Polio
#Recently #Vaccinated #Paralysis #Apnea #Respiratory #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3947264/
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Neurologic complications in oral polio vaccine recipients.
“A vaccine-like strain of poliovirus was isolated from each patient, and each had symptoms (left leg paralysis in three; developmental regression, spasticity, and progressive fatal cerebral atrophy in one) persisting for at least 6 months.”
#Polio #Neurological #Neurodevelopmental #Paralysis #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3012055/
—
Neurologic tumors in offspring after inoculation of mothers with killed-poliovirus vaccine.
No abstract available
PMID 2845271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
#Tumors #Polio #Neurological #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2845271/
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Neuropathology of vaccination in infants and children.
“AIMS: Documentation of clinical-pathological features of 37 infants/children whose parents alleged a relationship between vaccination and death or permanent central nervous system (CNS) damage, and sought compensation through the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.
SCOPE: Of the 5545 claims filed during the 10-year period (1990-1999), CNS tissue was available for evaluation by a pediatric neuropathologist in 37; 33 died and 4 had a biopsy or lobectomy. Most commonly implicated vaccines were DTP/DTaP, followed by MMR and IPV/OPV, but almost all of the vaccines currently given to infants/children were alleged to be responsible for the illness/death. No lesions were found in 5 of 37 (13.5%). The most frequent abnormality consisted of acute anoxic encephalopathy (14 of 37 - 37.8%), consequent to several different causes, such as positional asphyxia, cardio-respiratory arrest during status epilepticus, etc. The remaining children manifested other lesions, including inflammation (5 of 37 - 13.5%), vascular and developmental anomalies (4 each of 37 or 10.6%), cerebral edema and system degeneration (2 each of 37 or 5.4%), and one case of heavy metal exposure in a child living near an abandoned mine (2.2%).”
#Death #Neurological
#Polio #DTaP #MMR #DTP #Vaccine #VAERS #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21854821/
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🛑 Oral polio vaccine and human cancer: a reassessment of SV40 as a contaminant based upon legal documents.Â
“The confirmation of the removal by one drug manufacturer, Lederle, has been made public at an international symposium in January 1997, where its representatives stated that all of Lederle’s seeds had been tested and screened to assure that it was free from SV40 virus. However, in litigation involving the Lederle oral polio vaccine, the manufacturer’s internal documents failed to reveal such removal in all of the seeds. The absence of confirmatory testing of the seeds, as well as testimony of a Lederle manager, indicate that this claim of removal of SV40 and the testing for SV40 in all the seeds cannot be fully substantiated. These legal documents and testimony indicate that the scientific community should not be content with prior assumptions that SV40 could not have been in the oral polio vaccine.”
#Cancer #Contamination #Polio #SV40 #Corruption #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11205211
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Oral poliovaccine: will it help eradicate polio or cause the next epidemic?
“RESULTS: Characterization of poliovirus from sewage revealed eight type 2 and three type 3 vaccine polioviruses that had replicated and started to evolve (vaccine that replicated and diverged by 0.5 to < or = 1.0%) and nine highly diverged type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses (1-15% divergence from the respective Sabin strain) with 8-14% divergence between the years 1998 and 2005. Six of the eleven VRPV uniquely recombined with OPV and/or NPEV. The nine VDPV were epidemically related, genotypically neurovirulent, and had 10-15 amino acid substitutions in antigenic sites altering their antigenicity, but shared a single recombination. Type 2 OPV was excreted by 23% and 17% of infants challenged with OPV 3 months after partial immunization (two doses each of OPV and enhanced inactivated poliovirus) or full immunization (three doses of each) respectively, despite high humoral antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, which show that OPV is excreted for a significant period by children with high humoral immunity, emphasize the long-term potential threat from VDPV in highly vaccinated populations." #Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16805227/
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🛑 The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Can science afford to ignore it?
“Scientific discussion of the polio vaccine hypothesis for the origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been systematically suppressed for more than 12 years. The author calls for an international multidisciplinary inquiry into the origin of AIDS, arguing it is essential to human health, prevention of new pandemics, and to protect the integrity of science in the eyes of the public.”
#HIV #Polio #Contamination #AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
Full article here:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088489/pdf/TB010935.pdf
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Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Hispaniola associated with circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus.
“An outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the Dominican Republic (13 confirmed cases) and Haiti (8 confirmed cases, including 2 fatal cases) during 2000-2001. All but one of the patients were either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children, and cases occurred in communities with very low (7 to 40%) rates of coverage with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The outbreak was associated with the circulation of a derivative of the type 1 OPV strain, probably originating from a single OPV dose given in 1998-1999. The vaccine-derived poliovirus associated with the outbreak had biological properties indistinguishable from those of wild poliovirus.”
#Shedding #Death #Polio
#Recently #Vaccinated
#Vaccine #Failure #Paralysis
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11896235/
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Paralytic poliomyelitis associated with the Sabin 3 revertant strain of poliovirus in Bahrain.
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Paralysis #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11579860
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Parents in Pakistan arrested for polio vaccine refusal: a necessary step? 2015
“Pakistan’s vaccination drive against polio has encountered many adversities in the past few years. The vaccination drive received hostility from militant groups when it was used as cover to spy on Taliban hideouts. In retaliation, extremist groups have killed about 60 polio vaccine workers, which further hindered progress of the vaccine drive.1 Additionally, some in the general population have misconceptions about the vaccine. Until now, the government has not taken a hard line, which is necessary to control this issue.
On March 2, 2015, police in Khyber–Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, arrested more than 450 parents after they refused to vaccinate their children against polio virus because of some religious fears and myths associated with vaccination (such as sterilisation).2, 3 The parents later signed an agreement to cooperate in administration of the polio vaccine to their children. The police felt the need to intervene because the number of polio cases in the province had increased by 96% in the previous year.2 In Khyber–Pakhtunkhwa province, parents have repeatedly refused to vaccinate their children against polio in the past. In 2015 alone, thousands of children aged less than 5 years have been deprived of the vaccine because their parents refused. Hundreds of refusals are reported in the city of Peshawar alone.”
#Corruption #Polio #Vaccine
#Pakistan #MedScienceResearch
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)60751-6/fulltext
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A Pneumonia Case Associated with Type 2 Polio Vaccine Strains.
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Pneumonia #Respiratory #MedScienceResearch
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🛑 Polio eradication in India: some observations. Â
“Oral polio vaccine (OPV) has failed to provide full protection to many children who have developed paralytic polio even after taking 10 or more doses of OPV. In some children, OPV has caused paralysis-vaccine associated paralytic polio (VAPP). Number of children developing polio due to vaccine is high and on increase.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Paralysis #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15532129
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Polio Eradication in Pakistan: Call for Alliance. 2017.
“In addition, a popular belief in Pakistan is that the vaccine induces infertility. Moreover, polio workers and immunization campaign staff have been kidnapped, mishandled, and assassinated. More than 50 vaccinators were killed in 2013 and 2014. Seven police officers guarding polio workers were killed on April 20, 2016.”
#Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5349627/
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🛑 Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS: an integrative theory on a possible vaccine induced pandemic.
“The hypothesis that simian virus 40 (SV40) infected polio vaccines may be linked to the evolution of acquired immunodeficiency disorder (AIDS), and certain cancers, has been advanced. Most recently, investigators discussed the likelihood of gene-reshuffling following SV40 infection as a precursor to acquired immune dysfunction. Findings of recent SV40 infections in four children born after 1982 suggest infections were transmitted vertically along gene lines. Earlier observations proved activation of a retrovirus gene by a hepatitis B virus (HBV) protein. This paper proposes a new integrative theory on the origin of AIDS. It advances the possibility of genetic recombinations with oncogene activation by HBV involving simian viruses that likely infected polio vaccinated blood donors to the initial hepatitis B (HB) vaccine trials conducted on gay men in New York City and Ugandan Blacks in the early to mid-1970s. The socio-economic and even military ramifications associated with this politically challenging thesis are discussed.”
#HIV #Hepatitis B #Polio #SV40 #AIDS #Contamination #Vaccine #Cancer #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11388787/
Full article here-
http://www.originofaids.com/articles/polio.htm
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🛑 Polio programme: let us declare victory and move on.Â
“In 2011, there were an extra 47,500 new cases of NPAFP. Clinically indistinguishable from polio paralysis but twice as deadly, the incidence of NPAFP was directly proportional to doses of oral polio received. Though this data was collected within the polio surveillance system, it was not investigated.”
#Polio #Failure #Corruption #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22591873/
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Poliomyelitis Associated With Type 2 Virus
Paralytic Disease in the Father of a Recently Immunized Child
“Paralytic poliomyelitis was diagnosed clinically in a 29-year-old man three weeks after his 2-year-old son received trivalent live oral poliovirus vaccine. Type 2 poliovirus with “vaccine-like” characteristics was isolated from the patient’s stool, and the serum showed a significant rise in neutralizing antibody against type 2 virus. There was no rise in complement fixation antibody titers. The patients illness was likely due to type 2 poliovirus contracted from his son. Physicians should inquire about the immunization status of parents before administering vaccine to children.”
#Recently #Vaccinated #Shedding #Polio #Paralysis #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/335320
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Poliovaccine virus in the cerebrospinal fluid after oral polio vaccination.
#Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2553821/
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Polio vaccines and the origin of AIDS.
“In particular, it is now known that the early polio vaccines were contaminated with at least one monkey virus, SV40. The transfer of monkey viruses to man via contaminated vaccines is particularly relevant to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), since the causative agent of AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is thought to be derived from a simian precursor virus. Furthermore, human infection with this virus appears to be a relatively recent event. We hypothesize that the AIDS pandemic may have originated with a contaminated polio vaccine that was administered to inhabitants of Equatorial Africa from 1957 to 1959. The mechanism of evolution of HIV from this vaccine remains to be determined.”
#HIV #Polio #SV40 #Contamination
#AIDS #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7935079/
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Poliovirus Infections in Four Unvaccinated Children — Minnesota, August-October 2005
“On September 29, 2005, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) identified poliovirus type 1 in an unvaccinated, immunocompromised infant girl aged 7 months (the index patient) in an Amish community whose members predominantly were unvaccinated for polio. The patient has no paralysis; the source of the patient’s infection is unknown. Subsequently, poliovirus infections in three other children within the index patient’s community have been documented.”
“Partial sequencing of the virus capsid protein coding region (VP1) of the poliovirus genome at the MDH laboratory identified it as a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). VDPVs are poliovirus strains derived from one of the three Sabin poliovirus strains in oral polio vaccine (OPV) that have >1% difference in nucleotide sequence from the prototype vaccine virus.”
#Recently #Vaccinated #Shedding #Polio #Gastrointestinal #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5441a6.htm
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Poliovirus vaccine strains in sewage and river water in South Africa.
“However, as OPV strains are excreted in stools after vaccination, this vaccine could become a source of dissemination of PVs in the environment and the potential cause of poliomyelitis.”
“The identification of 49 viable OPV isolates confirmed the presence and circulation of PV vaccine strains in sewage and river water.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16917529/
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Post-vaccination encephalomyelitis: literature review and illustrative case.
#ADEMÂ #Neurological
#Encephalomyelitis
#Rabies #Tetanus #Polio #Smallpox #MMR #DTP #Influenza #Hepatitis B #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18976924/
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Preparation for global introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine: safety evidence from the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 2000-12.
“Of the 41,792 adverse event reports submitted, 39,568 (95%) were for children younger than 7 years. 38,381 of the reports for children in this age group (97%) were for simultaneous vaccination with IPV and other vaccines (most commonly pneumococcal and acellular pertussis vaccines), whereas standalone IPV vaccines accounted for 0·5% of all reports. 34,880 reports were for non-serious events (88%), 3905 reports were for non-fatal serious events (10%), and 783 reports were death reports (2%). Injection-site erythema was the most commonly coded term for non-serious events (29%), and pyrexia for non-fatal serious events (38%). Most deaths (96%) were in children aged 12 months or younger; most (52%) had sudden infant death syndrome as the reported cause of death.”
#SIDS #Sudden #Infant #Death #Polio #Vaccine #Pneumococcal #DTaP #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26289956/
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Prevalence of vaccine-derived polioviruses in stools of immunodeficient children in South Africa.
“Prolonged excretion of PVs by immunodeficient individuals is of major concern, because continued replication of PVs in the human gut could result in the reversion of these viruses to greater neurovirulence. When exposed to OPV, immunodeficient patients may become chronically infected, spreading potentially neurovirulent VDPVs for many months or years to close contacts and children who are no longer being vaccinated after termination of OPV vaccination in the near future.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/17105568/
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Review of accidents caused by incomplete inactivation of viruses.
Note: There is speculation that this may be occurring with the influenza vaccine as well. More research is needed.
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure
#MedScienceResearch
#Formaldehyde #Cutter #Flu #Influenza
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8174792/
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Risks of reintroduction of polio after eradication: the vaccine origin of an outbreak of type 3 poliomyelitis.
“Sabin live-attenuated strains, which have proved to be the most effective tools for poliovirus eradication, could also be the source of reintroduction of polio epidemics after global eradication of wild poliomyelitis is achieved. There are still considerable gaps in our knowledge about the persistence of vaccine-derived viruses in the population and the mechanisms involved in poliovirus transmissibility, both of which are essential factors in assessing the risks posed by such strains and in designing effective strategies for the cessation of polio immunisation. In this report, we have examined virological and epidemiological aspects of an epidemic of poliomyelitis in 1968 in Poland that was shown to be associated with the use of the USOL-D-bac live-attenuated vaccine strain. Possible causes of the origin and progress of the outbreak included the pattern of virus excretion from vaccinees, mutations identified in epidemic viruses and the unique vaccination policies in Poland during the years preceding the epidemic.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Shedding #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11763341/
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Safety of live vaccinations on immunosuppressive therapy in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, solid organ transplantation or after bone-marrow transplantation - A systematic review of randomized trials, observational studies and case reports.
“However, some serious vaccine-related adverse events occurred. 32 participants developed an infection with the vaccine strain; in most cases the infection was mild. However, in two patients fatal infections were reported”
#Death #Vaccine #Failure
#MMR #Polio #Rotavirus #BCG #Varicella #Smallpox #Typhoid #Shingles #Yellow #Fever
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28162821
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Serotype-specific mucosal immune response and subsequent poliovirus replication in vaccinated children.
“In the case of poliovirus Type 3, about 10% of children were still excreting the vaccine virus 9 weeks after administering the third dose.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12938203
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Shedding of virulent poliovirus revertants during immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine after prior immunization with inactivated polio vaccine.
“Fecal shedding of virulent revertant polioviruses was examined in isolates from infants previously immunized with > or = 1 dose of orally administered live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) alone, enhanced-potency inactivated polio vaccine (EIPV) alone, or a combination of both. After administration of OPV alone, vaccine poliovirus serotypes were recovered in feces within 1 week and for as long as 31-60 days in 30%-80% of subjects after 1 or 2 doses and in 30%-50% after immunization with > or = 3 doses. No revertant poliovirus shedding was observed after OPV challenge in subjects immunized previously with > or = 3 doses of OPV. However, fecal shedding of revertant poliovirus after OPV challenge was observed in 50%-100% of subjects previously immunized with > or = 3 doses of the EIPV. These findings suggest that prior immunization with EIPV does not prevent fecal shedding of revertant polioviruses after subsequent reexposure to OPV.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8228342/
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Simian cytomegalovirus and contamination of oral poliovirus vaccines.
“In the 1950s the use of primary rhesus macaque kidney cultures to propagate poliovirus for vaccine production led to the contamination of vaccines with simian virus 40 (SV40). African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cultures free of SV40 were used as an alternative cell substrate for vaccine manufacture. In this study we evaluate oral poliovirus seeds, vaccine bulks and vaccines themselves for the presence of a common contaminant of AGMK cultures, simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV). Using sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, nearly half of the samples analysed were found to be contaminated with SCMV sequences. However, vaccine bulks, positive by PCR for SCMV failed to show any evidence of infectious virus in these studies. One poliovirus vaccine and one seed, propagated on rhesus macaque kidney cultures were found to be positive for the rhesus monkey CMV by PCR.”
#Contamination #Polio #Simian #Cytomegalovirus #SV40 #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12623061/
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Simultaneous sudden infant death syndrome.
#SIDS #DTP #Polio #Hepatitis B #MedScienceResearch #Vaccine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17654772
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Some ethical issues arising from polio eradication programmes in India.
“The issue of risks and benefits arises in relation to the choice between two different vaccine types available for polio programmes: oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). OPV is the vaccine currently used in the eradication campaign in India. We argue that given the current risks/benefits profile of this vaccine, there is an urgent need to review the programme and take remedial action to address existing problems (at least in India). The second issue we discuss is the fact that there is little effort to gain the informed consent of the parents of vaccinated children, as they are not currently told about the potential limitations of OPV or the possibility of vaccine-induced harm.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure
#Informed #Consent #Corruption #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16222855
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Some oral poliovirus vaccines were contaminated with infectious SV40 after 1961.
“Some polio vaccines prepared from 1954 to 1961 were contaminated with infectious SV40. It has been assumed that all polio vaccines were SV40 free in the United States after 1961 and in other countries after 1962. Following a WHO requirement that was prompted by the detection of SV40 in some human tumors, we conducted a multilaboratory study to test for SV40 polio vaccines prepared after 1961. Vaccine samples from 13 countries and the WHO seed were initially tested by PCR. The possible presence of intact and/or infectious SV40 DNA in PCR-positive samples was tested by transfection and infection of permissive CV-1 cells. All results were verified by immunohistochemistry, cloning, and sequencing. All the vaccines were SV40 free, except for vaccines from a major eastern European manufacturer that contained infectious SV40. We determined that the procedure used by this manufacturer to inactivate SV40 in oral poliovirus vaccine seed stocks based on heat inactivation in the presence of MgCl2 did not completely inactivate SV40. These SV40-contaminated vaccines were produced from early 1960s to about 1978 and were used throughout the world. Our findings underscore the potential risks of using primary monkey cells for preparing poliovirus vaccines, because of the possible contamination with SV40 or other monkey viruses, and emphasize the importance of using well-characterized cell substrates that are free from adventitious agents. Moreover, our results indicate possible geographic differences in SV40 exposure and offer a possible explanation for the different percentage of SV40-positive tumors detected in some laboratories.”
#SV40 #Contamination #Polio
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16288015/
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[Spinal poliomyelitis due to contact with polio vaccine virus].
“Poliomyelitis with permanent paralysis of both legs developed in a 48-year-old woman previously not immunized against polio. The probable cause was the virus (probably Type II) contained in Sabin’s live virus vaccine, transmitted by contact with a grandchild who had been immunized with the oral vaccine.”
#Shedding #Polio #Paralysis
#Unvaccinated #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
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Surveillance of suspected poliomyelitis in Albania, 1980-1995: suggestion of increased risk of vaccine associated poliomyelitis.
“Poliovirus was isolated from six subjects who were defined as contact vaccine-associated cases. Characterization of isolates by both antigenic and molecular methods showed that, in all cases, the disease was associated with type 2 or 3 polioviruses of vaccine origin with retromutations known to be associated with loss of Sabin attenuated phenotype. Infection occurred despite the fact that all patients had records of previous immunization with oral polio vaccine (OPV), suggesting a failure of vaccination.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9682341
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[SV40 as a possible cofactor in the etiopathogenesis of mesothelioma and other human tumors].
“Simian virus 40 (SV40) has been introduced into the human population with contaminated polio vaccines between 1955 and 1963. Previous research conducted by southern blot hybridization and recent analysis by PCR have shown the presence of SW0 sequences in human brain tumors, mesotheliomas and osteosarcomas as well as in normal tissues such as blood and sperm fluids. SV40 RNA and T antigen were detected in the same tissues. All the samples were coinfected by BK Virus (BKV), suggesting that BKV may have a helper function for SV40 replication in human cells. The presence of SV40 in human tumors suggests that the virus may be a cofactor in the etiopathogenesis of human neoplasia. In addition, blood and semen may represent the vectors for transmission of SV40 by horizontal infection in the human population.”
#SV40 #Contamination #Polio #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9987613/
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Three cases of paralytic poliomyelitis associated with type 3 vaccine poliovirus strains in Bulgaria.
“Three cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (two contacts and one recipient) occurred in the Bourgas region of Bulgaria in the spring of 2006. The first two cases, notified as acute flaccid paralysis, were 55 days old unvaccinated twin brothers, having been in contact with vaccinees. The third case concerned a 4-month-old infant who had received the first OPV dose 37 days prior to the onset of illness.”
#Recently #Vaccinated #Shedding #Polio #Acute #Flaccid #Paralysis #Neurological #Vaccine #Failure
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19626606/
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Transmission of imported vaccine-derived poliovirus in an undervaccinated community in Minnesota.
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Shedding
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19090774/
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Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses-worldwide, July 2009-March 2011.
#Shedding #Vaccine #Failure #Polio #Paralysis #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21716199/
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Update on Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses - Worldwide, January 2014-March 2015.
“Circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) resemble WPVs and, in areas with low OPV coverage, can cause polio outbreaks. Immunodeficiency-associated VDPVs (iVDPVs) can replicate and be excreted for years in some persons with PIDs..
“Eight newly identified persons in six countries were found to excrete iVDPVs, and a patient in the United Kingdom was still excreting iVDPV2 in 2014 after more than 28 years.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26086635/
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Use of a novel real-time PCR assay to detect oral polio vaccine shedding and reversion in stool and sewage samples after a mexican national immunization day.
“During replication, oral polio vaccine (OPV) can revert to neurovirulence and cause paralytic poliomyelitis. In individual vaccinees, it can acquire specific revertant point mutations, leading to vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). With longer replication, OPV can mutate into vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), which causes poliomyelitis outbreaks similar to those caused by wild poliovirus. After wild poliovirus eradication, safely phasing out vaccination will likely require global use of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) until cessation of OPV circulation.”
#Shedding #Polio #Paralysis
#Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21411577
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Vaccine-associated contact paralytic poliomyelitis with atypical neurological presentation.
“Paralytic poliomyelitis presenting with quadriparesis, transient encephalitis and bulbar symptoms in 2 patients in close contact with recently vaccinated children with trivalent live oral polio vaccine is described. Symmetrical lower motor neuron involvement of deltoid muscles with electromyographic confirmation was found. Upper motor neuron signs, with symmetrical hyperactive deep tendon reflexes developed in the lower extremities. Poliovirus Type-2 vaccine-like strain was cultured from one patient and both patients showed significant antibody titers rises to poliovirus. Attention is drawn to the possible clinical differences between vaccine associated poliomelitis and the usual features found in wild strain poliomyelitis. It is suggested that in selected cases, non-immunized contacts be given inactivated polio-vaccine when the vaccinees are immunized with the live oral-vaccine.”
#Shedding #Recently #Vaccinated #Paralysis #Polio #Encephalitis
#Neurological #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3687370/
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🛑 Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a case report of domiciliary transmission.
“We herein present the case of an unvaccinated child, with a clinical picture of an acute anterior poliomyelitis associated with the live strain vaccine, whose brother received the Sabin vaccine 20 days before the onset of the symptoms. Vaccine strain of the type 3 poliovirus was isolated in fecal culture and a presented mutation in nucleotide 472 (C->U) in the 5′ non-coding region, which is strongly related to the higher strain virulence.”
#Shedding #Polio #Paralysis
#Recently #Vaccinated
#Neurological #Unvaccinated
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10983013/
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Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis caused by contact infection.
“We encountered an adult patient with acute anterior poliomyelitis (AAP), whose monoparesis developed 28 days after his son’s immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Neurological and electrophysiological examinations suggested that his muscular wasting of the left lower limb was due to a lower motor neuron disorder, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the responsible lesion in the left anterior horn at the thoracolumbar junction. His stool was found to include poliovirus type 3, mainly originating from Sabin 3 by neutrization antibody and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. This indicated that the AAP resulted from contact with his son.”
#Shedding #Polio #Paralysis
#Recently #Vaccinated
#Neurological #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16617188/
—
VACCINE-ASSOCIATED POLIOMYELITIS IN A CHILD WITH THYMIC ABNORMALITY
#Polio #Shedding #Death #Paralysis #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/48/6/923
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Vaccine-associated poliomyelitis in an infant with agammaglobulinemia.
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Shedding #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/6255734
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Vaccine-derived poliomyelitis and postpolio syndrome: an Italian Cutter Incident.
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #MedScienceResearch #Cutter
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25057364/
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🛑 Vaccine-derived poliovirus from long term excretors and the end game of polio eradication.
“Seven cases of long-term poliovirus excretion in the UK and Ireland are reviewed in this paper. They include a rare case of long-term virus excretion by a healthy child recently found in Ireland and the case with the longest period of vaccine-derived poliovirus excretion by an immunodeficient individual ever known, 18 years.”
#Shedding #Polio #Vaccine
#MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16650772/
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Vaccine-induced polioencephalomyelitis in Scotland.
“A six-month-old British female, living in Glasgow was admitted in June 1986 with a four-day history of fever and lower limb weakness following immunisation with oral polio and triple (DTP) vaccines. Examination revealed paralysis of all limbs, facial muscles and right diaphragm, scoliosis, opsoclonus and ocular flutter. Poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3, isolated from her stool specimens were all vaccine-like strains.”
#Polio #Vaccine #Failure #Paralysis #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2847313/
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The vaccine origin of the 1968 epidemic of type 3 poliomyelitis in Poland.
“A clear association was demonstrated between the use of USOL-D-bac type 3 poliovirus live-attenuated vaccine and the 1968 poliomyelitis epidemic in Poland. The epidemic followed small-scale trials with Sabin and USOL-D-bac type 3 vaccine strains carried out in seven countries including Poland. Factors that might have contributed to the genesis and development of the epidemic were the pattern of virus excretion from vaccinees, mutations found in viruses from the epidemic, and the particular vaccination policies in Poland during the previous years.”
#Shedding #Vaccine #Failure #Polio #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11112479/
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🛑 [Vaccines, biotechnology and their connection with induced abortion].
“Diploid cells (WI-38, MRC-5) vaccines have their origin in induced abortions. Among these vaccines we fi nd the following: rubella, measles, mumps, rabies, polio, smallpox, hepatitis A, chickenpox, and herpes zoster. Nowadays, other abortion tainted vaccines cultivated on transformed cells (293, PER.C6) are in the pipeline: flu, Respiratory Syncytial and parainfluenza viruses, HIV, West Nile virus, Ebola, Marburg and Lassa, hepatitis B and C, foot and mouth disease, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, tuberculosis, anthrax, plague, tetanus and malaria. The same method is used for the production of monoclonal antibodies and other proteins, gene therapy and genomics. Technology enables us to develop the aforementioned products without resorting to induced abortion. Full disclosure of the cell origin in the labelling of vaccines and other products must be supported. There are vaccines from non-objectionable sources which should be made available to the public. When no alternative vaccines exist, ethical research must be promoted. Non-objectionable sources in the production of monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy and genomics must be encouraged. It is not be consistent to abstain from products originated in embryonic stem cells and at the same time approve of products obtained from induced abortions. It is of paramount importance to avoid that induced abortion technology seeps into every field of Medicine.”
#Abortion #Aborted #Fetal #Cells #MMR #Rubella #Measles #Mumps #Rabies #Polio #Smallpox #Hepatitis A #Chickenpox #Herpes #Zoster #Shingles
#Vaccine #MedScienceResearch
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18611078/
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What was the cause of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s paralytic illness?
